期刊
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
卷 123, 期 18, 页码 11414-11421出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01058
关键词
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资金
- EPSRC [EP/N020863/1, EP/R032750/1, EP/M015254/2, EP/P032591/1]
- Welsh European Funding Office (SPARC II)
- Welsh Government's Ser Solar programme
- EPSRC [EP/P032591/1, EP/R032750/1, EP/M015254/2, EP/N020863/1] Funding Source: UKRI
A range of slow dynamic processes occurring in perovskite solar cells have been linked to ionic migration, including J-V hysteresis and long photovoltage rise and decay times. This work demonstrates the remarkably slow response time of triple mesoporous carbon-based cells, containing the additive 5-aminovaleric acid iodide (AVA). The photovoltage rise under illumination is 1-2 orders of magnitude longer than has previously been observed for planar and mesoporous TiO2 based devices. Transient photovoltage measurements during this slow rise in voltage show a strong negative transient feature which demonstrates the presence of fast recombination. By analyzing the rate of V-oc rise and the decay of this negative transient, we show a clear link between this recombination process and the limiting of the V-oc. The reduction of recombination over time and the resultant rise in V-oc are influenced by the movement of ions in the perovskite. From temperature-dependent measurements, an activation energy consistent with previous literature values for iodide ion migration is obtained, although the attempt frequency is found to be many orders of magnitude lower than that in pure MAPI perovskite devices. We attribute this to the presence of the AVA molecule inhibiting the movement of ions. The importance of the TiO2/ZrO2 interface in leading to this slow behavior is revealed by studying devices with different architectures with and without the AVA additive. A significant increase in response time can only be recreated in a device with both of the mesoporous metal oxide layers and the AVA additive present in the perovskite.
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