期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 237, 期 -, 页码 44-53出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.058
关键词
Aerobic and anaerobic rice; Bensulfuron; Leaching; MCPA; Persistence; Sorption
资金
- Spain's Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL 2010-21421-C02-02]
- Spain's Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness [AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R]
- Junta of Extremadura [IB16075, GR18011]
- European Regional Development Fund
- Consejeria of Economia, Comercio e Innovacion of the Junta of Extremadura [PD16021]
- SEXPE of Junta the Extremadura
- European Social Fund
Bensulfuron-methyl (BM) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) are herbicides widely used in rice agroecosystems, and are commonly found in their environments, especially in water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sorption-desorption, leaching, and dissipation of BM and MCPA under aerobic and anaerobic rice cropping conditions. For this purpose, a three-year field experiment was conducted in SW Spain using four management systems: aerobic with sprinkler irrigation and tillage (ST), sprinkler irrigation and no tillage (SNT), long-term sprinkler irrigation and no-tillage (SNTLT), and anaerobic with flooding and tillage (FT). At the end of the experiment, the partition coefficients (K-d-values) in ST were (2.7, 3.1, and 3.9) and (1.2, 1.5, and 1.9) times significantly lower than the values in {SNT, SNTLT, and FT} for BM and MCPA, respectively. Greater sorption was related to lower values of soil pH for both herbicides and to higher contents in humic acids for BM and fulvic acids for MCPA. The persistence was much longer for BM (t(1/2) = 26.9-52.1 days) than for MCPA (t(1/2) = 1.54-21.1 days) in all management systems, and both herbicides' dissipation rates were generally greater under aerobic than under anaerobic conditions. The mobility of MCPA was much greater than that of BM. Compared with SNT and SNTLT, leaching losses of the applied BM were greater by 51% for ST, and of the applied MCPA by 55% and 99% for ST and FT, respectively. Therefore, only aerobic rice production with no-tillage in the short- or long-terms could be considered as alternative management strategies with which to reduce water contamination by BM and MCPA in rice-growing environments.
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