期刊
ISME JOURNAL
卷 13, 期 9, 页码 2236-2251出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0430-z
关键词
-
资金
- ERC consolidator grant [616861]
- Helmholtz Water Center Munich within the Helmholtz Research Platform for the Integrated Assessment of Solute Fluxes and Processes in the Regional Water Cycle
( )Exploring adaptive strategies by which microorganisms function and survive in low-energy natural environments remains a grand goal of microbiology, and may help address a prime challenge of the 21st century: degradation of man-made chemicals at low concentrations (micropollutants). Here we explore physiological adaptation and maintenance energy requirements of a herbicide (atrazine)-degrading microorganism (Arthrobacter aurescens TC1) while concomitantly observing mass transfer limitations directly by compound-specific isotope fractionation analysis. Chemostat-based growth triggered the onset of mass transfer limitation at residual concentrations of 30 mu g L-1 of atrazine with a bacterial population doubling time (t(d)) of 14 days, whereas exacerbated energy limitation was induced by retentostat-based near-zero growth (t(d) = 265 days) at 12 +/- 3 mu g L-1 residual concentration. Retentostat cultivation resulted in (i) complete mass transfer limitation evidenced by the disappearance of isotope fractionation (epsilon C-13 = -0.45%o +/- 0.36 parts per thousand) and (ii) a twofold decrease in maintenance energy requirement compared with chemostat cultivation. Proteomics revealed that retentostat and chemostat cultivation under mass transfer limitation share low protein turnover and expression of stress-related proteins. Mass transfer limitation effectuated slow-down of metabolism in retentostats and a transition from growth phase to maintenance phase indicating a limit of similar or equal to 10 mu g L-1 for long-term atrazine degradation. Further studies on other ecosystem-relevant microorganisms will substantiate the general applicability of our finding that mass transfer limitation serves as a trigger for physiological adaptation, which subsequently defines a lower limit of biodegradation.
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