Biocompatibility properties of composite scaffolds based on 1,4-butanediamine modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and nanobioceramics

Three-dimensional biodegradable porous scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering. The degradable scaffold material, based on 1,4-butanediamine-modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (BMPLGA), nano-bioactive glass (NBAG), and nano-beta-tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP), was prepared by a solution-casting/salt-leaching method. The biological properties were studied by using cell cytotoxicity, von Kossa staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, hemolytic test, acute toxicity, and genetic toxicity test. The MTT results indicated that the BMPLGA/NBAG-beta-TCP materials did not show any cytotoxicity. The result of von Kossa staining showed that the introduction of the NBAG and beta-TCP promoted fibroblastic differentiation and improved the mineral deposition of the BMPLGA matrix. In addition, the presence of NBAG and beta-TCP in the composite further enhanced the ALP activity in comparison with the sole BMPLGA material. The hemolytic potential showed that the nanocomposite scaffolds were non-hemolytic. The BMPLGA/NBAG-beta-TCP scaffolds showed no acute systemic toxicity or mutagenic action. Therefore, the results indicated the BMPLGA/NBAG-beta-TCP nanocomposite scaffold could be considered as a potential bone tissue engineering implant.