期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 20, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081927
关键词
neuroinflammation; microglia; prothrombin fragment-2; interleukin-4; interleukin-13; oxidative stress
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean Government [NRF-2016R1A6A3A11932765, NRF-2016R1A2B4010692, NRFM3C7A1031105, 2018R1A6A1A03025124]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2018R1A6A1A03025124] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
The present study investigated the effects of activated microglia-derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 on neurodegeneration in prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2)-treated rat cortex. pKr-2 was unilaterally injected into the Sprague-Dawley rat cerebral cortex and IL-4 and IL-13 neutralizing antibody was used to block the function of IL-4 and IL-13. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant loss of NeuN(+) and Nissl(+) cells and an increase of OX-42(+) cells in the cortex at seven days post pKr-2. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 expression were upregulated in the activated microglia as early as 12 hours post pKr-2 and sustained up to seven days post pKr-2. Neutralization by IL-4 or IL-13 antibodies (NA) significantly increased neuronal survival in pKr-2-treated rat cortex in vivo by suppressing microglial activation and the production of reactive oxygen species, as analyzed by immunohisotochemistry and hydroethidine histochemistry. These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 that were endogenously expressed from reactive microglia may play a critical role on neuronal death by regulating oxidative stress during the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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