PGC-1α Controls Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Drug-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Anti-cancer drug resistance is a serious issue for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although recent studies have shown the mechanism by which CRC cells become drug resistant, novel strategies for overcoming this drug resistance have not yet been developed. To address this problem, we characterized 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-resistant CRC cells after treatment with 5FU, and focused on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha) in these cells. In 5FU-resistant CRC cells, the 5FU did not considerably decrease the mitochondrial biogenesis or mitochondrial complex I and IV activities, and only partially decreased the antioxidant enzymatic activity, oxygen consumption ratio, and cell survival. The expression of PGC-1 alpha was remarkably increased in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells compared with the 5FU-sensitive CRC cells. The 5FU-resistant CRC cells displayed enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and antioxidant enzyme activities against 5FU-induced reactive oxygen species, because of the increased expression of PGC-1 alpha. PGC-1 alpha inhibited 5FU-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells, resulting in the suppression of apoptosis. These findings reveal that PGC-1 alpha plays an important role in drug resistance in 5FU-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, PGC-1 alpha could serve as a novel target in patients with 5FU-resistant CRC.