期刊
FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY
卷 14, 期 6, 页码 533-552出版社
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0002
关键词
antibiotic resistance; response regulator; sensor histidine kinase; signal transduction; two-component regulatory system
类别
资金
- VA Merit Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs [I01 BX001725]
- Research Career Scientist Award from the Department of Veterans Affairs [IK6BX004470]
- National Institutes of Health [R01AI072219]
- T32 training grant from the National Institutes of Health [AI106699]
Two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) are a major mechanism by which bacteria sense and respond to changes in their environment. TCSs typically consist of two proteins that bring about major regulation of the cell genome through coordinated action mediated by phosphorylation. Environmental conditions that activate TCSs are numerous and diverse and include exposure to antibiotics as well as conditions inside a host. The resulting regulatory action often involves activation of antibiotic defenses and changes to cell physiology that increase antibiotic resistance. Examples of resistance mechanisms enacted by TCSs contained in this review span those found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and include cell surface modifications, changes in cell permeability, increased biofilm formation, and upregulation of antibiotic-degrading enzymes.
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