期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
卷 26, 期 18, 页码 18565-18582出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05224-9
关键词
Ecological footprint; Ecological carbon footprint; Globalization; Malaysia; Bayer and Hanck test; ARDL
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0602504]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91746208, 71774014, 71521002, 71573016, 71403021]
- MOE
- National Social Sciences Foundation [17ZDA065]
- Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China [17YJC630145]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M620648]
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [71625003]
This study focuses to investigate the relationship between globalization and the ecological footprint for Malaysia from 1971 to 2014. The results of the Bayer and Hanck cointegration test and the ARDL bound test show the existence of cointegration among variables. The findings disclose that globalization is not a significant determinant of the ecological footprint; however, it significantly increases the ecological carbon footprint. Energy consumption and economic growth stimulate the ecological footprint and carbon footprint in Malaysia. Population density reduces the ecological footprint and carbon footprint. Further, financial development mitigates the ecological footprint. The causality results disclose the feedback hypothesis between energy consumption and economic growth in the long run and short run.
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