Frost-heaving mechanical model for concrete face slabs of earthen dams in cold regions

Earthen dams are widely applied in the cold regions of northern China. However, the frost-heaving damage of concrete face slabs on the dam slopes is very serious under the dual effect of ice sheets and frost action during winter seasons. For this problem, a theoretical model is still lacking in the engineering design for water conservancy projects in cold regions. Starting with the study of the frost-heaving damage of concrete face slabs of earthen dams, this paper analyzes the damage types of the slabs under the effect of the static ice pressure and frost action, and clarifies the mechanism of the frost-heaving damage. The calculation method of the normal frost-heaving force of concrete face slabs is put forward, and a mechanical model suitable for the frost-heaving damage of concrete face slabs of earth-filled dams is established based on the mechanical analyses and engineering practice. The mechanical model can well explain the failure of frost heaving, extrusion and tensile strength of concrete face slabs under the double effect of the ice sheet and frost action, and a checking method for frost-heaving destruction is given. Finally, the mechanical model is used for the numerical analysis for an engineering example. The calculated results show that the model is reasonable and reliable, and it can provide theoretical basis for the design of concrete face slabs of earthen dams in cold regions.