Downregulation of tumor suppressor RACK1 by Helicobacter pylori infection promotes gastric carcinogenesis through the integrin β-1/NF-κB signaling pathway

Receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) is downregulated in gastric cancer and is involved in modulating NF-kappa B signaling pathway activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating RACK1 expression are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that downregulated expression of RACK1 was observed in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue and was correlated with poor prognosis in patients. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection downregulated RACK1 expression in concert with canonical NF-kappa B signaling pathway activation in vivo and in vitro. RACK1 overexpression suppressed NF-kappa B signaling pathway activation as well as the release of downstream proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, RACK1 downregulation increased integrin beta-1 expression, while integrin beta-1 silencing decreased NF-kappa B signaling activation. Moreover, H. pylori infection downregulated RACK1 but upregulated integrin beta-1 expression at the precancerous lesion stages in human subjects. Our data indicate that H. pylori infection promotes the upregulation of integrin beta-1 expression via downregulation of RACK1 expression, which subsequently leads to the elevated activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, an essential step in H. pylori-induced carcinogenesis.