期刊
BIOESSAYS
卷 41, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900023
关键词
Alu; double-stranded RNA; endogenous retroviral element; innate immune responses; long interspersed nuclear element; mitochondrial RNA
资金
- KAIST Future Systems Healthcare Project from the Ministry of Science and ICT [KAISTHEALTHCARE42]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) [NRF-2019R1C1C1006672]
Many innate immune response proteins recognize foreign nucleic acids from invading pathogens to initiate antiviral signaling. These proteins mostly rely on structural characteristics of the nucleic acids rather than their specific sequences to distinguish self and nonself. One feature utilized by RNA sensors is the extended stretch of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) base pairs. However, the criteria for recognizing nonself dsRNAs are rather lenient, and hairpin structure of self-RNAs can also trigger an immune response. Consequently, aberrant activation of RNA sensors has been reported in numerous human diseases. Yet, in most cases, the activating antigens remain unknown. Recent studies have developed sequencing techniques tailored to specifically capture dsRNAs and identified that various noncoding elements in the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome can generate dsRNAs. Here, the identity of endogenous dsRNAs, their recognition by dsRNA sensors, and their implications in the pathogenesis of human diseases ranging from inflammatory to degenerative are presented.
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