Matrine suppresses lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma by directly targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9

Matrine is a natural compound derived from Radix Sophora flavescens which is a commonly used Chinese herb. Herein, we report that matrine may inhibit lung metastasis in liver cancer in mice. Invasion chamber assay, scratch-wound assay and orthotopic liver tumor implantation mice were introduced to investigate the potential pharmacological effects of matrine on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our results showed that matrine at non-toxic dose could significantly suppress PLC/PRF/5 and MHCC97L cells migration and invasion. Furthermore, matrine treatment (5 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased lung metastasis in orthotopic HCC mouse models. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, gelatin zymography and immunoblotting assay indicated that matrine could inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 without down-regulating its protein expression in HCC. The docking approach, site-directed mutagenesis, and surface plasmon resonance were applied to identify residues involved in matrine binding in matrix metalloproteinase-9. The biophysical and cell-based assays showed that Pro415, Arg424 residue might contribute to the binding affinity of matrine on matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. In conclusion, matrine might be a promising anti-cancer agent for inhibiting HCC metastasis. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.