期刊
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 623, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201834450
关键词
large-scale structure of Universe; dark matter; cosmology: theory; methods: numerical
资金
- Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT26-2, IUT40-2]
- Centre of ExcellenceDark side of the Universe - European Union through the European Regional Development Fund [TK133]
- ICRAnet
- University of Valencia (Vicerrectorado de Investigacion)
- Spanish MEC project ALHAMBRA [AYA2006-14056]
- Spanish MEC project PAU [CSD2007-00060]
- FEDER
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)
- Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics (MPA)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
Aims. We investigate how properties of the ensemble of superclusters in the cosmic web evolve with time. Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web using the Lambda cold dark matter model in box sizes L-0 = 1024; 512; 256 h(-1) Mpc. We found supercluster ensembles of models for four evolutionary stages, corresponding to the present epoch z = 0, and to redshifts z = 1, z = 3, and z = 10. We calculated fitness diameters of superclusters defined from volumes of superclusters divided by filling factors of over-density regions. Geometrical and fitness diameters of largest superclusters, and the number of superclusters as functions of the threshold density were used as percolation functions to describe geometrical properties of the ensemble of superclusters in the cosmic web. We calculated the distributions of geometrical and fitness diameters and luminosities of superclusters, and followed the time evolution of percolation functions and supercluster distributions. We compared percolation functions and supercluster distributions of models and samples of galaxies of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Results. Our analysis shows that fitness diameters of superclusters have a minimum at a certain threshold density. Fitness diameters around minima almost do not change with time in co-moving coordinates. Numbers of superclusters have maxima which are approximately constant for all evolutionary epochs. The geometrical diameters of superclusters decrease during the evolution of the cosmic web, and the luminosities of superclusters increase during this evolution. Conclusions. Our study suggests that evolutionary changes occur inside supercluster cells of dynamical influence. The stability of fitness diameters and numbers of superclusters during the evolution is an important property of the cosmic web.
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