期刊
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
卷 39, 期 4, 页码 603-612出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.312449
关键词
atherosclerosis; gene expression; mice; transgenic; muscle; smooth; myeloid cells; neointima
资金
- National Institute of Health [R01HL125815, R01HL133016, R01HL142674, R21AG062202, HL091013, HL118430, RHL119529, R01HL142090]
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-17-PRMRP-IIRA]
- March of Dimes (Gene Discovery and Translational Research Grant) [6-FY 15-223]
- Yale University
- American Heart Association
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are a critical component of blood vessel walls that provide structural support, regulate vascular tone, and allow for vascular remodeling. These cells also exhibit a remarkable plasticity that contributes to vascular growth and repair but also to cardiovascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia and restenosis, aneurysm, and transplant vasculopathy. Mouse models have been an important tool for the study of SMC functions. The development of smooth muscle-expressing Cre-driver lines has allowed for exciting discoveries, including recent advances revealing the diversity of phenotypes derived from mature SMC transdifferentiation in vivo using inducible CreER(T2) lines. We review SMC-targeting Cre lines driven by the Myh11, Tagln, and Acta2 promoters, including important technical considerations associated with these models. Limitations that can complicate study of the vasculature include expression in visceral SMCs leading to confounding phenotypes, and expression in multiple nonsmooth muscle cell types, such as Acta2-Cre expression in myofibroblasts. Notably, the frequently employed Tagln/SM22 alpha-Cre driver expresses in the embryonic heart but can also confer expression in nonmuscular cells including perivascular adipocytes and their precursors, myeloid cells, and platelets, with important implications for interpretation of cardiovascular phenotypes. With new Cre-driver lines under development and the increasing use of fate mapping methods, we are entering an exciting new era in SMC research.
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