期刊
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
卷 147, 期 -, 页码 105-112出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.02.016
关键词
Carbon; Dosimetry; Spectroscopy; Structural alterations
类别
资金
- Bantuan Kecil Penyelidikan (BKP) from the University of Malaya [BK093-2016]
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) of the Ministry of Education Malaysia [FP032-2017A]
We explore the utility of controlled low-doses (0.2-100 Gy) of photon irradiation as initiators of structural alteration in carbon-rich materials. To-date our work on carbon has focused on beta-, x- and gamma-irradiations and the monitoring of radiotherapeutic doses (from a few Gy up to some tens of Gy) on the basis of the thermoluminescence (TL) signal, also via Raman and X-ray photo-spectroscopy (XPS), providing analysis of the dose dependence of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The work has been extended herein to investigate possibilities for analysis of structural alterations in graphite-rich mixtures, use being made of two grades of graphite-rich pencil lead, 8H and 2B, both being in the form produced for mechanical pencils (propelling or clutch pencils). 2B has the greater graphite content (approaching 98 wt %), 8H being a mixture of C, O, Al and Si (with respective weight percentages 39.2, 38.2, 9.8 and 12.8). Working on media pre-annealed at 400 degrees C, both have subsequently been irradiated to penetrating photon-mediated doses. Raman spectroscopy analysis has been carried out using a 532 nm laser Raman spectrometer, while for samples irradiated to doses from 1 to 40 Gy, XPS spectra were acquired using Al K-alpha sources (hv similar to 1400 eV); carbon KLL Auger peaks were acquired using 50 eV Pass Energy. At these relatively low doses, alterations in order-disorder are clearly observed, defect generation and internal annealing competing as dominating effects across the dose range.
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