期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 31, 期 25, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901403
关键词
anisotropic graphene aerogels; cryo-thermocells; eutectic electrolytes; holey graphene
类别
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the P.R. China [2016YFA0203301]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51572285]
- Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province [BK20170428]
- Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship [NA170184]
- University of Macau [SRG2016-00092-IAPME, MYRG2018-00079-IAPME]
- Science and Technology Development Fund, Macao SAR (FDCT) [081/2017/A2, 0059/2018/A2, 009/2017/AMJ]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, UK [EPSRC EP/L020904/1, EP/M026884/1, EP/R02961X/1]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- EPSRC [EP/R02961X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Thermocells, capable of converting temperature-dependent electrochemical redox potentials into electrical power, can harvest waste or low-grade heat in an economical and continuous approach with zero carbon emission. However, the power density and conversion efficiency of thermocells are hindered by a narrow operation window and low ion conductivity of the electrodes, especially in freezing weather conditions. Herein, highly efficient cylindrical thermocells, working in a wide operation window of cold temperatures, are developed. A eutectic electrolyte consisting of formamide and water is formulated with a high ion conductivity, which is retained at a significantly extended lower limit of the operation window from conventional 0 to -40 degrees C. In parallel, an electrode material based on anisotropic holey graphene aerogel is synthesized with improved ion conductivity, especially at temperatures below 0 degrees C, due to its aligned graphene sheets and pores. By taking the advantages of both components, the power density and the Seebeck coefficient of a single-cylinder thermocell reaches an exceptionally high value, i.e., 3.6 W m(-2) and 1.3 mV K-1, respectively. Moreover, assembled thermocells in series packaging substantially enhance the voltage of the open-circuit, i.e., from 140 mV (1-cylinder thermocell) to 2.1 V (15-cylinder thermocells).
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