Towards sustainability in Xiamen Harbor, China

The port industry is currently facing major sustainability challenges. Globally, there is growing interest in eco-port'', green port'', and sustainable port'' initiatives due to pressure from sustainability issues, and Xiamen Harbor in China is no exception, but the relevant literature is limited. In this study, we introduce the environmental and ecological background of Xiamen Harbor, review the utilization of Xiamen Harbor and conduct a case study of a maritime logistics chain via Xiamen Harbor. We also identify the threats, conflicts and challenges for Xiamen Harbor and the limitations of the efforts for sustainable and green development in Xiamen Harbor. We conclude that there is a need to develop an integrated and long-term plan for Xiamen Harbor towards sustainability, which should adapt door-to-door'' services, i.e., from the supplier to the consumer. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.