SF-1 mediates reproductive toxicity induced by Cerium oxide nanoparticles in male mice

BackgroundCerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) have potential application for use in biomedical and in various consumer products. However, it is largely unclear whether CeO2 NPs have effects on male reproductive function.MethodsIn this study, male mice were examined for toxicity, if any, following chronic oral administration of CeO2 NPs for 32days. In each animal, epididymides were examined for sperm motility and DNA integrity. Bloods were tested for testosterone levels. Testicular tissues were collected to determine the element Ce content, the daily sperm production (DSP), marker enzymes such as ACP, G6PD, -GT and SDH, mRNA expression levels of steroidogenesis genes Star, P450scc, P450c17, 3-Hsd, and 17-Hsd, as well as steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene/protein levels.ResultsThe results showed that CeO2 NPs (20mg/kg and 40mg/kg) increased the element Ce content in testis, the testis histopathological patterns and sperm DNA damage whereas decreased the testis weight, DSP and sperm motility. There were also remarkable reduction in testosterone levels and marker enzymes activities, down-regulated mRNA expression levels of several steroidogenesis genes such as Star, P450scc, P450c17, 3-Hsd, and 17-Hsd, as well as altered gene and protein expressions of SF-1.ConclusionThese results reveal the male reproductive toxicity of chronic exposure of CeO2 NPs in mice, hinting that the utilization of CeO2 NPs need to be carefully evaluated about their potential reproductive toxicity on the human health.