Effective field theory amplitudes the on-shell way: scalar and vector couplings to gluons

We use on-shell methods to calculate tree-level effective field theory (EFT) amplitudes, with no reference to the EFT operators. Lorentz symmetry, unitarity and Bose statistics determine the allowed kinematical structures. As a by-product, the number of independent EFT operators simply follows from the set of polynomials in the Mandelstam invariants, subject to kinematical constraints. We demonstrate this approach by calculating several amplitudes with a massive, SM-singlet, scalar (h) or vector (Z') particle coupled to gluons. Specifically, we calculate hggg, hhgg and Z'ggg amplitudes, which are relevant for the LHC production and three-gluon decays of the massive particle. We then use the results to derive the massless-Z' amplitudes, and show how the massive amplitudes decompose into the massless-vector plus scalar amplitudes. Amplitudes with the gluons replaced by photons are straightforwardly obtained from the above.