Framework Cationization by Preemptive Coordination of Open Metal Sites for Anion-Exchange Encapsulation of Nucleotides and Coenzymes

Cationic frameworks can selectively trap anions through ion exchange, and have applications in ion chromatography and drug delivery. However, cationic frameworks are much rarer than anionic or neutral ones. Herein, we propose a concept, preemptive coordination ( PC), for targeting positively charged metal-organic frameworks (P-MOFs). PC refers to proactive blocking of metal coordination sites to preclude their occupation by neutralizing ligands such as OH-. We use 20 MOFs to show that this PC concept is an effective approach for developing P-MOFs whose high stability, porosity, and anion-exchange capability allow immobilization of anionic nucleotides and coenzymes, in addition to charge-and size-selective capture or separation of organic dyes. The CO2 and C2H2 uptake capacity of 117.9 cm(3) g(-1) and 148.5 cm(3) g(-1), respectively, at 273 K and 1 atm, is exceptionally high among cationic framework materials.