FossilSim: An r package for simulating fossil occurrence data under mechanistic models of preservation and recovery

Key features of the fossil record that present challenges for integrating palaeontological and phylogenetic datasets include (i) non-uniform fossil recovery, (ii) stratigraphic age uncertainty and (iii) inconsistencies in the definition of species origination and taxonomy. We present an r package FossilSim that can be used to simulate and visualise fossil data for phylogenetic analysis under a range of flexible models. The package includes interval-, environment- and lineage-dependent models of fossil recovery that can be combined with models of stratigraphic age uncertainty and species evolution. The package input and output can be used in combination with the wide range of existing phylogenetic and palaeontological r packages. We also provide functions for converting between FossilSim and paleotree objects. Simulated datasets provide enormous potential to assess the performance of phylogenetic methods and to explore the impact of using fossil occurrence databases on parameter estimation in macroevolution.