Nitrogen Soaking Promotes Lattice Recovery in Polycrystalline Hybrid Perovskites

On the basis of experiment and theory, a general paradigm is drawn that reconsiders N-2 not simply being an inert species but rather an effective healing gas molecule if entering a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbl(3)) layer. Nitrogen is soaked into polycrystalline MAPbl(3) via a postdeposition mild thermal treatment under slightly overpressure conditions to promote its diffusion across the whole layer. A significant reduction of radiative recombination and a concurrent increase of light absorption, with a maximum benefit at 80 degrees C, are observed. Concomitantly, the current of holes drawn from the surfaces with nanometer resolution through a biased tip is raised by a factor of 3 under N-2. This is framed by a reduction of the barrier for carrier extraction. The achieved improvements are linked to a nitrogen-assisted recovery of intrinsic lattice disorder at the grain shells along with a simultaneous stabilization of undercoordinated Pb2+ and MA(+) cations through weak electrostatic interactions. Defect mitigation under N(2 )is reinforced in comparison to the benchmark behavior under argon. It is additionally unveiled that surface stabilization through N-2 is morphology-independent and thus can be applied after any preparation procedure. Such simple and low-cost strategy can complement other stabilizing solutions for perovskite solar cells or light-emitting diode engineering.