Chromosome conformation capture resolved near complete genome assembly of broomcorn millet

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has strong tolerance to abiotic stresses, and is probably one of the oldest crops, with its earliest cultivation that dated back to ca. similar to 10,000 years. We report here its genome assembly through a combination of PacBio sequencing, BioNano, and Hi-C (in vivo) mapping. The 18 super scaffolds cover similar to 95.6% of the estimated genome (similar to 887.8 Mb). There are 63,671 protein-coding genes annotated in this tetraploid genome. About similar to 86.2% of the syntenic genes in foxtail millet have two homologous copies in broomcorn millet, indicating rare gene loss after tetraploidization in broomcorn millet. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that broomcorn millet and foxtail millet diverged around similar to 13.1 Million years ago (Mya), while the lineage specific tetraploidization of broomcorn millet may be happened within similar to 5.91 million years. The genome is not only beneficial for the genome assisted breeding of broomcorn millet, but also an important resource for other Panicum species.