Automated Text Message-Enhanced Monitoring Versus Routine Monitoring in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Trial

Objective Frequent monitoring of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is required for achieving good outcomes. This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of text message (SMS)-enhanced monitoring on early RA outcomes. Methods We randomized 166 patients with early, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-naive RA to receive SMS-enhanced follow-up or routine care. All patients attended visits at 0, 3, and 6 months, and a follow-up visit at 12 months. Treatment was at the physicians' discretion. The intervention included 13 SMSs during weeks 0-24 with questions concerning medication problems (yes/no) and disease activity (patient global assessment [PtGA], scale 0-10). Patients were contacted if response SMSs indicated medication problems or PtGA exceeded predefined thresholds. Primary outcome was 6-month Boolean remission (no swollen or tender joints and normal C-reactive protein levels). Quality of life (QoL; measured by the Short Form 36 survey) and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were assessed. Results Six and 12-month follow-up data were available for 162 and 157 patients, respectively. In the intervention group, 46% of the patients (38 of 82) reported medication problems and 49% (40 of 82) reported text message PtGAs above the alarm limit. Remission rates at 6 months (P = 0.34) were 51% in the intervention group and 42% in the control group. These rates were 57% and 43% at 12 months (P = 0.17) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The respective mean +/- SD DAS28 scores for the intervention and control groups were 1.92 +/- 1.12 and 2.22 +/- 1.11 at 6 months (P = 0.09); and 1.79 +/- 0.91 and 2.08 +/- 1.22 at 12 months (P = 0.28). No differences in QoL were observed. Conclusion The study did not meet the primary outcome despite a trend favoring the intervention group. This may be explained by the notably high overall remission rates.