Tertiary treatment of urban wastewater by solar and UV-C driven advanced oxidation with peracetic acid: Effect on contaminants of emerging concern and antibiotic resistance

Photo-driven advanced oxidation process (AOP) with peracetic acid (PAA) has been poorly investigated in water and wastewater treatment so far. In the present work its possible use as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater to effectively minimize the release into the environment of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was investigated. Different initial PAA concentrations, two light sources (sunlight and UV-C) and two different water matrices (groundwater (GW) and wastewater (WW)) were studied. Low PM doses were found to be effective in the inactivation of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli (AR E. coli) in GW, with the UV-C process being faster (limit of detection (LOD) achieved for a cumulative energy (Q(UV)) of 0.3 kJL(-1) with 0.2 mg PAA L-1) than solar driven one (LOD achieved at Q(UV) = 4.4 kJL(-1) with 0.2 mg PM L-1). Really fast inactivation rates of indigenous AR E. coli were also observed in WW. Higher Q(UV) and PM initial doses were necessary to effectively remove the three target CECs (carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole), with CBZ being the more refractory one. In conclusion, photo-driven AOP with PM can be effectively used as tertiary treatment of urban wastewater but initial PM dose should be optimized to find the best compromise between target bacteria inactivation and CECs removal as well as to prevent scavenging effect of PM on hydroxyl radicals because of high PM concentration. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.