期刊
SMALL
卷 15, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804916
关键词
alkali metal batteries; dendrite growth; liquid-liquid interface; Na-K liquid alloy anode; N-doped porous carbon
类别
资金
- National Natural Science Fund of China [21871164, 21601108, U1764258]
- Young Scholars Program of Shandong University [2017WLJH15]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M610419, 2018T110680]
- Special Fund for Postdoctoral Innovation Program of Shandong Province [201701003]
- Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province [ts201511004]
The significant issues with alkali metal batteries arise from their poor electrochemical properties and safety problems, limiting their applications. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles embedded into N-doped porous carbon truncated ocatahedra (TiO2 subset of NPCTO) are engineered as a cathode material with different metal anodes, including solid Na or K and liquid Na-K alloy. Electrochemical performance and kinetics are systematically analyzed, with the aim to determine detailed electrochemistry. By using a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, TiO2 subset of NPCTO/NaK shows faster diffusion of metal ions in insertion and extraction processes than that of Na-ions and K-ions in solid Na and K. The lower reaction resistance of liquid Na-K alloy electrode is also examined. The higher b-value of TiO2 subset of NPCTO/NaK confirms that the reaction kinetics are promoted by the surface-induced capacitive behavior, favorable for high rate performance. This superiority highly pertains to the distinct liquid-liquid junction between the electrolyte and electrode, and the prohibition of metal dendrite growth, substantiated by symmetric cell testing, which provides a robust and homogeneous interface more stable than the traditional solid-liquid one. Hence, the liquid Na-K alloy-based battery exhibits to better cyclablity with higher capacity, rate capability, and initial coulombic efficiency than solid Na and K batteries.
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