Arsenic Trioxide Attenuates NF-κB and Cytokine mRNA Levels in the Livers of Cocks

Arsenic (As) is a trace element widely found in nature. It exists in several forms, including organic arsenic, inorganic arsenic, and trivalent arsenic, the most toxic. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is widespread in nature. This form tends to accumulate in animals and humans and therefore has a potential harm for them. Cytokines play essential roles in the immune response and inflammation. Although the importance of cytokines in the responses to arsenic exposure has been demonstrated in many types of mammals, the function of these in poultry, especially in chickens, remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of As2O3 exposure on cytokines in cock livers. In this study, 72 1-day-old male Hy-line cocks were randomly divided into four groups including the control group, low-As group, middle-As group, and high-As group. The livers were collected on days 30, 60, and 90 of the experiment. The levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-12 beta (IL-12 beta), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA in the livers of the cocks were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappa B which seemed to be a critical mediator in the inflammatory response tended to increase in the birds chronically treated with As2O3. However, the mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-12 beta, and IL-1 beta were decreased in the experiment. The information regarding the effects of As2O3 on cytokine mRNA expression generated in this study will be important information for arsenic toxicology evaluation.