期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 658, 期 -, 页码 1500-1513出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.165
关键词
Aeration; Constructed wetland; Design; Phragmites australis; Reciprocating; Role of plants; Tidal flow
资金
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 02WM1080, 02WM1355B]
- Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Graduate School for Environmental Research (HIGRADE)
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (Helmholtz Zentrum fur Umweltforschung - UFZ)
This study reports a systematic assessment of treatment efficacy for 15 pilot-scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands of different designs for CBOD5, TSS, TOC, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N, NO2-N, and E. coli over the course of one year in an outdoor study to evaluate the effects of design and plants. The systems consisted of a range of designs: horizontal flow (HF) with 50 and 25 cm depth, unsaturated vertical flow (VF) with sand or fine gravel, and intensified systems (horizontal and saturated vertical flow with aeration, and reciprocating fill and drain). Each system was built in duplicate: one was planted with Phragmites and one was left unplanted (with the exception of the reciprocating system, of which there was only one and it was unplanted). All systems were fed with the same primary-treated domestic wastewater. Effluent concentrations, areal and volumetric mass removal rates, and percent mass removal for the 15 systems arc discussed. HF wetlands removed CBOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and E. coli by 73-83%, 93-95%, 17-41%, 0-27% anti 1.5 log units, respectively. Unsaturated VF and aerated VF wetlands removed CBOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and E. coli by 69-99%, 76-99%, 17-40%, 69-99% and 0.9-2.4 log units, respectively. The aerated HF and reciprocating systems removed CBOD5, TSS, TN, NH4-N and E. coli by 99%, 99%, 43-70%, 94-99% and 3.0-3.8 log units, respectively. The aerated HF and reciprocating systems achieved the highest TN removal rate of all of the designs. Design complexity clearly enhanced treatment efficacy (HF VF < Intensified, p < 0.001) during the first two years of plant growth while the presence of plants had minor effects on TN and NH4-N removal in the shallow HF design only. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.
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