期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 655, 期 -, 页码 1159-1168出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.294
关键词
Biochar fine particles; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sequestration; Simulated lung fluids; Bioaccessibility; Risk assessment
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21425729, 21876089, 21707101]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China [2014CB932001]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- 111 Program of the Ministry of Education of China, China [T2017002]
- Opening Foundation of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, China [2017-06]
Airborne carbonaceous fine particles, such as soot and biochar, represent a significant fraction of air particulate matter and have received widespread concern due to their health effects. Atmospheric carbonaceous particles can contain high concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and may pose significant health risks when carried into respiratory system from inhalation of particulates. In this study, the bioaccessibility of two PAH compounds, phenanthrene and pyrene, bound to biochar fine particles was assessed by examining their release in two simulated lung fluids: Gamble's solution and artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). We observed that only 0.47 to 0.75% of biochar-bound PAHs were released in the simulated lung fluids, most likely due to the physical entrapment of PAH molecules in the micropore regimes of biochar, resulting in strong desorption hysteresis, even though apparent desorption equilibrium was reached within 30 min, well within the average clearance time of particulate matter in lung system. The inorganic and organic salts in the simulated lung fluids were found to inhibit the release of PAHs by exerting the pore blockage effect and salting-out effect. Moreover, the low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in the lung fluids further inhibited PAH release by increasing the micropore volume and surface area of biochar fine particles. When taking into account the inhibited release, the estimated carcinogenic risks of biochar-bound PAHs are typically low, even under extreme conditions wherein both biochar concentrations and PAH loadings on biochar are very high. An important implication is that contaminant bioavailability needs to be taken into account when assessing the risks of the contaminants bound to airborne carbonaceous materials. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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