期刊
SCIENCE
卷 364, 期 6436, 页码 158-+出版社
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8687
关键词
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资金
- Office of Naval Research [N00014-15-1-2651]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-05-CH11231, KCWF16]
- Heising-Simons Junior Fellowship program of the Kavli ENSI at Berkeley
- Ministry of Science and Technology [105-2917-I-564-026]
- JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship program
- Elemental Strategy Initiative
- CREST, JST [JPMJCR15F3]
Graphene near charge neutrality is expected to behave like a quantum-critical, relativistic plasma-the Dirac fluid-in which massless electrons and holes collide at a rapid rate. We used on-chip terahertz spectroscopy to measure the frequency-dependent optical conductivity of clean, micrometer-scale graphene at electron temperatures between 77 and 300 kelvin. At charge neutrality, we observed the quantum-critical scattering rate characteristic of the Dirac fluid. At higher doping, we detected two distinct current-carrying modes with zero and nonzero total momenta, a manifestation of relativistic hydrodynamics. Our work reveals the quantum criticality and unusual dynamic excitations near charge neutrality in graphene.
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