期刊
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
卷 116, 期 13, 页码 6045-6050出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810893116
关键词
income inequality; intergenerational mobility; melting pot; immigration; Great Gatsby Curve
资金
- British Academy
- Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation
- Nuffield College
- University of Oxford
- Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research Grant [2016-07099]
A large literature documents how intergenerational mobility-the degree to which (dis)advantage is passed on from parents to children-varies across and within countries. Less is known about the origin or persistence of such differences. We show that US areas populated by descendants to European immigrants have similar levels of income equality and mobility as the countries their forebears came from: highest in areas dominated by descendants to Scandinavian and German immigrants, lower in places with French or Italian heritage, and lower still in areas with British roots. Similar variation in mobility is found for the black population and when analyzing causal place effects, suggesting that mobility differences arise at the community level and extend beyond descendants of European immigrant groups. Our findings indicate that the geography of US opportunity may have deeper historical roots than previously recognized.
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