Fine particle entrainment in fountain confined conical spouted beds

Many applications of the conical spouted beds involve operations using coarse and fine particle mixtures, which require high gas velocities due to the coarse particles, thereby leading to fine particle entrainment. In order to avoid entrainment, a new device has been proposed to confine the fountain. Thus, a study has been conducted on the influence the geometry and configuration of both confiner and draft tube have on particle entrainment, operating pressure drop, operating air flow rate and maximum cycle time. The results show that the fountain confiner greatly stabilises the operation and significantly reduces (above 50%) particle entrainment, but its influence on the other parameters is of rather low significance. Furthermore, the distance between the lower end of the device and the bed surface has a great impact on the performance of the spouted bed regime. Entrainment monitoring throughout time showed that its rate depends on the configuration, but remains constant with time. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.