The capability and potential of new forms of personalized colon cancer treatment: Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy

Introduction: PDT can interfere with cytokine-mediated responses that play an important role in the processes of cancer progression, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, based on the identification of these cancer biomarkers, the therapy of combining various forms of treatment, including immunotherapy and PDT, may be a justified strategy for colorectal cancer treatment that focuses on individualized comprehensive therapy. Method: We reviewed the major approaches on the use of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer, with the special regard to photodynamic therapy, its immunological effect and new oncological treatment directions, connected with adjuvant immunotherapy including use of nanoparticles. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer were utilized to search the literature for relevant articles. Purpose: To review studies of the immunotherapy in colon cancer and immune response to PDT. Conclusion: Based on the identification of immunological cancer biomarkers, the therapy of combining various forms of treatment, including immunotherapy and PDT, may be a justified strategy for colorectal cancer treatment that focuses on individualized comprehensive therapy.