Trends in prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors from 2002 to 2012 among youth early in the course of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

Background Given diabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), we examined temporal trends in CVD risk factors by comparing youth recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) from 2002 through 2012. Methods The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study identified youth with diagnosed T1D (n = 3954) and T2D (n = 706) from 2002 to 2012. CVD risk factors were defined using the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome: (a) hypertension; (b) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <= 40 mg/dL; (c) triglycerides >= 110 mg/dL; and (d) waist circumference (WC) >90th percentile. Prevalence of CVD risk factors, stratified by diagnosis year and diabetes type, was reported. Univariate and multivariate logistic models and Poisson regression were fit to estimate the prevalence trends for CVD risk factors individually and in clusters (>= 2 risk factors). Results The prevalence of >= 2 CVD risk factors was higher in youth with T2D than with T1D at each incident year, but the prevalence of >= 2 risk factors did not change across diagnosis years among T1D or T2D participants. The number of CVD risk factors did not change significantly in T1D participants, but increased at an annual rate of 1.38% in T2D participants. The prevalence of hypertension decreased in T1D participants, and high WC increased in T2D participants. Conclusion The increase in number of CVD risk factors including large WC among youth with T2D suggests a need for early intervention to address these CVD risk factors. Further study is needed to examine longitudinal associations between diabetes and CVD.