The role of inflammation in the association between overall and visceral adiposity and subclinical atherosclerosis

Background and aims: Inflammation may underlie the association between obesity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We investigated to what extent markers of inflammation mediate associations between overall and visceral body fat and subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods and results: In this cross-sectional analysis of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study we estimated total body fat (TBF) by bio-impedance analysis, carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) by ultrasound, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) concentrations in fasting blood samples (n = 5627), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 2247). We examined associations between TBF and VAT, and cIMT using linear regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors, and for mediators: cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and inflammation using CRP and GlycA as proxies. Mean (SD) cIMT was 615 (90) mm. Per SD of TBF (8%), cIMT was 19 mm larger (95% confidence interval, CI: 10, 28). This association was 17 mm (95% CI: 8, 27) after adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors, and did not change after adjustment for markers of inflammation. Per SD (56 cm(2)) VAT, cIMT was 9 mm larger (95% CI: 2, 16) which changed to 5 mm (95% CI: -3, 12) after adjustment for cardiometabolic risk factors, and did not change after adjustment for inflammatory markers. Conclusion: Our results suggest that associations between measures of overall and visceral body fat and subclinical atherosclerosis are not mediated by inflammation as measured by CRP and GlycA. Obesity may exert cardiovascular risk via other markers of systemic inflammation. (C) 2019 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.