One-soliton shaping and inelastic collision between double solitons in the fifth-order variable-coefficient Sawada-Kotera equation

The main concern of the present article is to study the fifth-order variable-coefficient Sawada-Kotera (VcSK) equation which describes the motion of long waves in shallow water under the gravity. A single- and double-soliton rational solutions for this model are formally retrieved through the generalized unified method. For a single-soliton wave, the velocity, the amplitude and the shape of the wave cannot be affected by variable coefficients. There is an inelastic collision (the collision that makes change in amplitude of the soliton waves and shifts in their trajectories) between the double-soliton waves due to the time-varying field in a graded-index waveguide. It hoped that the established solutions can be used to enrich the dynamic behaviors of the VcSK equation.