Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: quo vadis?

Glioblastoma remains essentially incurable, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Now, the findings of three serial tissue-based studies suggest that immune-checkpoint inhibition can modify the glioblastoma microenvironment. Following these encouraging observations, the results of two phase III trials of immune-checkpoint inhibition in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, with larger cohorts of patients, are eagerly anticipated.