Nodal/saddle stagnation-point boundary layer flow of CuO-Ag/water hybrid nanofluid: a novel hybridity model

A new type of nanofluids is known as hybrid nanofluids, which is prepared by suspending two or different forms of nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles in the considered base fluid. Recently, researchers have indicated that hybrid nanofluids can effectively substitute the convectional coolant especially those working at very high temperatures. In this investigation, a kind of hybrid nanofluid including copper oxide (CuO 29-50 nm) and silver (Ag 2-5 nm) nanoparticles with water as base fluid is analytically modeled to develop the problem of the nodal/saddle stagnation-point boundary layer flow and heat transfer. A new straightforward mathematical model has been presented and formulated based on Tiwari-Das nanofluid scheme. Using appropriate similarity variables, the non-linear governing PDEs are transformed into non-linear dimensionless ODEs, which are solved analytically by the well-known homotopy analysis method (HAM) and numerically using the bvp4c function from MATLAB software. For the theoretical assessment of the hemodynamics and thermal impacts, graphical configurations are plotted for the different emerging parameters. These patterns provide an interesting understanding of this theoretical model to the industrial applications. Moreover, the good agreement of present achievements with previously reported results demonstrates that the developed model can be used with great confidence to study the flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid in various problems. Besides, the thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluid are found to be higher in comparison to the base fluid and fluid containing single nanoparticles, respectively.