期刊
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
卷 408, 期 22, 页码 5985-6002出版社
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9585-x
关键词
VHH antibodies; Environmental chemicals; Sensitivity; Genetic modifications; Production; Biosensors
资金
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Superfund Basic Research Program [P42 ES04699]
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Western Center for Agricultural Health and Safety [2U54 OH007550]
- CounterACT Program, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [U54 NS079202]
- UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Core Center [P30 ES023513]
- China Scholarship Council [201508440069]
A VHH antibody (or nanobody) is the antigen binding fragment of heavy chain only antibodies. Discovered nearly 25 years ago, they have been investigated for their use in clinical therapeutics and immunodiagnostics, and more recently for environmental monitoring applications. A new and valuable immunoreagent for the analysis of small molecular weight environmental chemicals, VHH will overcome many pitfalls encountered with conventional reagents. In the work so far, VHH antibodies often perform comparably to conventional antibodies for small molecule analysis, are amenable to numerous genetic engineering techniques, and show ease of adaption to other immunodiagnostic platforms for use in environmental monitoring. Recent reviews cover the structure and production of VHH antibodies as well as their use in clinical settings. However, no report focuses on the use of these VHH antibodies to detect small environmental chemicals (MW < 1500 Da). This review article summarizes the efforts made to produce VHHs to various environmental targets, compares the VHH-based assays with conventional antibody assays, and discusses the advantages and limitations in developing these new antibody reagents particularly to small molecule targets.
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