Location and Scale Optimization of a Bus Depot Based on Asymmetric Information of the Transit Operator and Landowner in Dalian, China

In the context of the city government as the landowner, a bus operator-dominant mode (BDM) of bus depot construction is proposed to control land financial loss and cover the deadhead trip costs between the bus depots and the bus terminal stops. An integer programming model is built on the basis of bus parking behavior, transit business behavior, housing and commercial development behavior, and housing choice behavior. The location and size of the bus depot, the scheme of bus route extension, and the land use pattern are optimized. The city of Dalian is used for the case study. The results show that the BDM can increase the financial revenue from the land and the revenue of the bus operator, improve traffic accessibility, and balance the population density in the entire city. The commercial and residential facilities developed around the depot are conducive to an optimized land use pattern and can change the city from monocentric to polycentric.