Multi-joint rate of force development testing protocol affects reliability and the smallest detectible difference

Isometric tests have been used to assess rate of force development (RFD), however variation in testing methodologies are known to affect performance outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the RFD in the isometric squat (ISqT) using two test protocols and two testing angles. Eleven participants (age: 26.8 +/- 4.5years, strength training experience: 7.1 +/- 3.03years) completed test and retest sessions one week apart, whereby two test protocols with respect to duration and instructions were compared. Isometric peak force (ISqT(peak)) and isometric explosive force (ISqT(exp)) tests were assessed at two joint angles (knee flexion angle 100 degrees and 125 degrees). Force-time traces were sampled and subsequently analysed for RFD measures. Average and instantaneous RFD variables did not meet reliability minimum criteria in ISqT(peak) at 100 degrees or 125 degrees. The ISqT(exp) test at 100 degrees met reliability criteria in the RFD 0-200 and 0-250ms variables. The ISqT(exp) test at 125 degrees met reliability criteria in the RFD 0-150, 0-200 and 0-250ms variables. Force-time characteristics were optimized at the higher knee joint angle. Average and instantaneous RFD measures obtained using a traditional peak force test do not meet basic reliability criteria. Researchers assessing multi-joint RFD should employ the explosive RFD test protocol as opposed to the traditional isometric peak force protocol.