期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 232, 期 -, 页码 729-737出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.121
关键词
Pharmaceutical residue; Albendazole; Online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS; Antiparasitic; Box-Behnken design
资金
- Brazilian agency FAPESP [2013/09543-7, 2014/50951-4, 2018/03571-2]
- Brazilian agency CNPq [4657682014-8]
- CNPq [140370/2015-3, 154061/2018-2]
- FAPESP [2014/16622-3]
- CAPES [PNPD 20131777]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [14/16622-3, 14/50951-4] Funding Source: FAPESP
Pharmaceutical residues are constantly released into natural waters, mainly from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) whose processes are unable to completely eliminate them. Among these drugs, the occurrence of benzimidazoles, a class of antiparasitics for human and veterinary use, has been reported in WWTP effluents and surface waters. In this study, an SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and optimized for extraction and quantitation of benzimidazoles in influents and effluents of a local WWTP and in hospital wastewater. The extraction procedure was optimized using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) and the optimal parameters were as follows: 2.0 mL of loading solvent consisting of a mixture of water:methanol (95:5, v/v) and temperature at 43 degrees C. In hospital wastewater, albendazole (ABZ) and its principal metabolite ricobendazole (RBZ) were the main benzimidazole-related contaminants and were found at concentrations of up to 3810 and 3894 ng L-1, respectively. The WWTP system was able to remove from 46% to 95% of the ABZ quantified in the influent, discharging an effluent with 16-441 ng L-1 of ABZ. The concentrations of other benzimidazoles and metabolites in the WWTP effluents remained below 350 ng L-1. WWTP effluents fortified with 50 mu g L-1 of ABZ required 26.7 mg(o3) L-1 to remove ABZ and RBZ. After ozonation, the COD and BOD5 of the effluents were reduced by 27%. Photolysis by UVA radiation was not effective to remove ABZ and FBZ from the effluent samples.
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