Radiomics-based machine learning methods for isocitrate dehydrogenase genotype prediction of diffuse gliomas

Purpose Reliable and accurate predictive models are necessary to drive the success of radiomics. Our aim was to identify the optimal radiomics-based machine learning method for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotype prediction in diffuse gliomas. Methods Eight classical machine learning methods were evaluated in terms of their stability and performance for pre-operative IDH genotype prediction. A total of 126 patients were enrolled for analysis. Overall, 704 radiomic features extracted from the pre-operative MRI images were analyzed. The patients were randomly assigned to either the training set or the validation set at a ratio of 2:1. Feature selection and classification model training were done using the training set, whereas the predictive performance and stability of the model were independently assessed using the validation set. Results Random Forest (RF) showed high predictive performance (accuracy 0.885 +/- 0.041, AUC 0.931 +/- 0.036), whereas neural network (NN) (accuracy 0.829 +/- 0.064, AUC 0.878 +/- 0.052) and flexible discriminant analysis (FDA) (accuracy 0.851 +/- 0.049, AUC 0.875 +/- 0.057) displayed low predictive performance. With regard to stability, RF also showed high robustness against data perturbation (relative standard deviations, RSD 3.87%). Conclusions RF is a promising machine learning method in predicting IDH genotype. Development of an accurate and reliable model can assist in the initial diagnostic evaluation and treatment planning for diffuse glioma patients.