期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
卷 45, 期 4, 页码 819-825出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0363546516677728
关键词
medial collateral ligament; ACL reconstruction; hamstrings; semitendinosus; robotics
资金
- German-Austrian-Swiss Society for Orthopaedic Traumatologic Sports Medicine (GOTS)
- Faculty of Medicine, Westphalian Wilhelms University Muenster
Background: Semitendinosus and gracilis muscles are frequently harvested for autologous tendon grafts for cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study investigated the joint-stabilizing effects of these hamstring muscles in cases of insufficiency of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). Hypotheses: First, both the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles can actively stabilize the joint against valgus moments in the MCL-deficient knee. Second, the stabilizing influence of these muscles decreases with an increasing knee flexion angle. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The kinematics was examined in 10 fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees using a robotic/universal force moment sensor system and an optical tracking system. The knee kinematics under 5- and 10-Nm valgus moments were determined in the different flexion angles of the (1) MCL-intact and (2) MCL-deficient knee using the following simulated muscle loads: (1) 0-N (idle) load, (2) 200-N semitendinosus (ST) load, and (3) 280-N (200/80-N) combined semitendinosus/gracilis (STGT) load. Results: Cutting the MCL increased the valgus angle under all tested conditions and angles compared with the MCL-intact knee by 4.3 degrees to 8.1 degrees for the 5-Nm valgus moment and 6.5 degrees to 11.9 degrees for the 10-Nm valgus moment (P < .01). The applied 200-N simulated ST load reduced the valgus angle significantly at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees of flexion under 5- and 10-Nm valgus moments (P < .05). At 0 degrees, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees of flexion, these values were close to those for the MCL-intact joint under the respective moments (both P > .05). The combined 280-N simulated STGT load significantly reduced the valgus angle in 0 degrees, 10 degrees, and 20 degrees of flexion under 5- and 10-Nm valgus moments (P < .05) to values near those for the intact joint (5 Nm: 0 degrees, 10 degrees; 10 Nm: 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees; P > .05). In 60 degrees and 90 degrees of flexion, ST and STGT loads did not decrease the resulting valgus angle of the MCL-deficient knee without hamstring loads (P > .05 vs deficient; P = .0001 vs intact). Conclusion: In this human cadaveric study, semitendinosus and gracilis muscles successfully stabilize valgus moments applied to the MCL-insufficient knee when the knee is near extension. Clinical Relevance: In the valgus-unstable knee, these data suggest that the hamstring muscles should be preserved in (multi-) ligament surgery when possible.
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