Evolution of a Pinch Column During the Acceleration of Fast Electrons and Deuterons in a Plasma-Focus Discharge

Plasma in a pinch column, as produced by a plasma-focus discharge at the deuterium filling and the current intensity reaching 1 MA, was investigated at the total neutron yield reaching about 1010 per discharge. The use was made of neutron diagnostics, laser interferometry, soft X-ray measurements, optical emission spectroscopy, magnetic probes, as well as electron and ion measurements with the temporal, spatial, and energetic resolutions. The detailed studies showed the ordered toroidal, helical, and plasmoidal structures which could contain currents with poloidal and toroidal components and their associated magnetic fields. Their spontaneous transformations were explained by changes in a topology of magnetic field lines due to magnetic reconnections. A nonthermal acceleration of fast electrons and ions (producing hard X-rays and fusion neutrons, respectively) corresponded to: 1) the formation of plasmoids in the pinch column and 2) a decay of pinch constrictions and secondary plasmoids during the evolution of instabilities. A filamentary structure of the current flow could explain the high energy density and fast transformations of the magnetic energy into kinetic energy of electron and ion beams (reaching energy of hundreds of kiloelectronvolt). This paper summarizes the results obtained with the PF-1000 facility in 2009-2017, and describes the internal transformations in a dense plasma column during the evolution of MHD instabilities.