期刊
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
卷 124, 期 -, 页码 49-57出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.013
关键词
Emerging contaminants; Trace elements; Pesticides; Vegetables; Risk assessment; Human exposure
资金
- Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MEIC) [AGL2014-59353-R]
- Ramon y Cajal from the MEIC [RYC-2013-12522]
- FPI fellowship [BES-2015-075745]
Recent studies have proven that vegetables cultivated in peri-urban areas are exposed to a greater concentration of organic microcontaminants (OMCs) and trace elements (TEs) than those grown in rural areas. In this study, the occurrence and human health risk of chemical contaminants (16 TEs and 33 OMCs) in edible parts of lettuce, tomato, cauliflower, and broad beans from two farm fields in the peri-urban area of the city of Barcelona and one rural site outside the peri-urban area were assessed. The concentration of TEs and OMCs (on fresh weight basis) ranged from non-detectable to 17.4 mg/kg and from non-detectable to 256 mu g/kg, respectively. Tomato fruits showed the highest concentration of TEs and OMCs. Principal component analysis indicated that the occurrence of chemical contaminants in vegetables depended on the commodity rather than the location (peri-urban vs rural). Risk assessment using hazardous quotient (HQ) and threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approaches showed that the risk for the consumption of target vegetables in the peri-urban area was low and similar to that observed for the rural site. Total HQ values for TEs were always below 1, and a minimum consumption of 150 g/day for children and 380 g/day for adults is required to reach the TTC due to the presence of pesticides. Further studies are needed to estimate the combined effect of TEs and OMCs on human health.
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