期刊
ENERGIES
卷 12, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en12030565
关键词
waste to carbon; sewage sludge; kinetics; torrefaction; biochar; activation energy; fuel properties
资金
- Preludium 6 Program
- National Research Center, Poland [UMO-2013/11/N/NZ9/04587]
- Fulbright Foundation
- Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa - Hatch Act [IOW05556]
- State of Iowa funds
- program of the Minister of Science and Higher Education [0019/SDU/2018/18]
We propose a Waste to Carbon' thermal transformation of sewage sludge (SS) via torrefaction to a valuable product (fuel) with a high content of carbon. One important, technological aspect to develop this concept is the determination of activation energy needed for torrefaction. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the kinetics of SS torrefaction and determine the effects of process temperature on fuel properties of torrefied products (biochars). Torrefaction was performed using high ash content SS at six (200300 degrees C) temperatures and 60 min residence (process) time. Mass loss during torrefaction ranged from 1020%. The resulting activation energy for SS torrefaction was 12.007 kJmol(-1). Initial (unprocessed) SS higher heating value (HHV) was 13.5 MJkg(-1). However, the increase of torrefaction temperature decreased HHV from 13.4 to 3.8 MJkg(-1). Elemental analysis showed a significant decrease of the H/C ratio that occurred during torrefaction, while the O/C ratio fluctuated with much smaller differences. Although the activation energy was significantly lower compared with lignocellulosic materials, low-temperature SS torrefaction technology could be explored for further SS stabilization and utilization (e.g., dewatering and hygienization).
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