An environmental optimization model to configure a hybrid forward and reverse supply chain network under uncertainty

The configuration of facility locations is a strategic decision which is impossible to be changed in a short-term. There are several parameters incorporating to make such decision that fluctuate in different situations. Those unpredictable changes cause some risks and complexities for the businesses in long-run. The objective of this research is to design a multi-echelon lead acid battery closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network under uncertainty. To this aim, a fully fuzzy programming (FFP) method and stochastic programming are integrated (FFSP) to address various scenarios to maximize network's profit. Furthermore, second objective is introduced to maximize the environmental compliance of suppliers, plants, and battery recovery centers. Then, distance technique is utilized for solving the fuzzy stochastic multi-objective problem. The application of the proposed model is illustrated in a network in Winnipeg, Canada. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.