Critical parameters of carbon nanotube reinforced composites for structural health monitoring applications: Empirical results versus theoretical predictions

This paper reports on an investigation of the critical parameters which determine the electrical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposites. For this purpose, a novel analytical model, based on the tunnelling mechanisms of CNTs, is proposed. Three dispersion parameters are introduced in the model to reflect the CNT aggregation state. Microscopy analysis and electrical and strain monitoring tests were carried out on CNT nanocomposites manufactured by toroidal stirring and three roll milling. It is observed that electrical conductivity is greatly affected by dispersion procedure as well as strain sensitivity, measured by the gauge factor (GF). Generally, well dispersed materials have higher conductivities and GF. In this regard, the aggregate ratio has a prevalent effect. Experimental data and theoretical predictions allow the correlation of dispersion parameters given by manufacturing procedures with electrical properties to develop highly sensitive nanocomposites. This demonstrates the potential and applicability of the proposed model.