期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 226, 期 -, 页码 565-575出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.145
关键词
UV disinfection; Chlorination; Emerging contaminants
资金
- National Science Foundation [CBET 1336604, 1336165, 1336062]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1336165, 1336062] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Transformation of endocrine active compounds (EACs) by either chlorination (Cl-D) or UV disinfection (UV-D) was studied by field sampling and bench-scale validation studies. Field testing assessed concentration of 13 EACs in effluent at two Chicago area 250 MGD wastewater reclamation plants (WRP) over two years. One WRP uses chlorination/dechlorination while the other employs UV disinfection. Target compounds included bupropion, carbamazepine, citalopram, duloxetine, estradiol, estrone, fluoxetine, nonylphenol, norfluoxetine, norsertraline, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Concentrations of 9/13 target compounds were partially reduced after disinfection (5-65% reduction). None of the target compounds were fully transformed by either chlorination or UV treatment at the WRP scale. In bench-scale experiments each compound was spiked into deionized water or effluent and treated in a process mimicking plant-scale disinfection to validate transformations. Correlation was observed between compounds that were transformed in bench-testing and those that decreased in concentration in post-disinfection WRP effluent (10/13 compounds). A survey of potential reaction products was made. Chlorination of some amine containing compounds produced chloramine by-products that reverted to the initial form after dechlorination. Transformation products produced upon simulated UV disinfection were more diverse. Laboratory UV-induced transformation was generally more effective under stirred conditions, suggesting that indirect photo-induced reactions may predominate over direct photolysis. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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